Manufacturer-Consumer: Direct delivery to consumers. Used for transient items and quick profits. Limitations: maintaining constant contact with numerous clients worldwide is uneconomical and immediate connection with a large number of intended clients is not possible.
Manufacturer-Retailer-Consumer: Retailers act as middlemen between manufacturers and consumers. Suitable for fragile products and when there are many customers. Wholesalers' tasks are performed by manufacturers.
Manufacturer– Wholesaler- Retailer- Consumer: Wholesalers and retailers act as middlemen. The gap between manufacturers and consumers is increased.
Manufacturer- Agent Middlemen- Wholesaler- Retailer- Consumer: Agent middlemen, wholesalers, and retailers are involved. The gap between manufacturers and purchasers is significant. Agents distribute goods to wholesalers, who then sell them to retailers and consumers.